[WCUSP] HumanRights] What is Zionism

[Odile Hugonot Haber]

Dear Yvonne,

I just saw a documentary on" the link" of the street kids in Peru
it was particularly sad. It is great that you are there doing good
work.

Reading your document on Zionism it looks like it was all the fault
of "Napoleon." Napoleon due to the French values brought in by
the French revolution allowed Jews wherever he conquered territories to
go to University. This is how Marx got to go to University! and became
who he was.

Poor people for the first time going to University  bring in the
vision they gained from the working class organized or not  or even
from what people use to call the "lumpen proletariat." Many Jews
that got  educated  became intellectual organizers of
the working class and this is why Jews were also particularly oppressed
because they were smart working class people. The US union movement
owes a lot to the Europeans Jews. So it is not so simple.

On Zionism the best books I think one can read to learn about the
situation are:

- The Birth of Israel, Myths and Realities Pantheon New York1987
by Simha Flapan.
- Christian Zionism by Don Wagner, the history of Christian Zionism
- There is also "Perfidy" by Ben Heck, if one wants to look at
the alliance between Nazis and Zionists. It is a very desesparate
history.

Most D.P. (Jewish Displaced People) wanted to go to America but
the borders were closed and many Europeans countries did not want
to receive "their Jews" back from Germany. There were not a lot of
choice and certainly Zionists took advantage of the situation
to bring Jews  to Israel, a Jewish State was a solution that people
coming out of a Holocost saw as a possible one.

To blame the whole Palestinian affair on Zionism does not make any
sense because as your article shows it was mostly a Christian construct
in beginning, ans still is in many ways. One has to look in the story
of Empire and Colonization to start with: "The Seven Pillars of Wisdom."
by T.E Lawrence and then many more...and to how the Bristish
wanted to have Europeans population around the oil pipelines.

We had a very good lecture on this topic in the WILPF Congress of
Vermont. In fact we should have this talk on our web site.

While I think it is useful to understand the rise of nationalism in Europe
on how patriarchy triumphed with  nationalism & militarization and then
the burning of the "witches" the wise women of Europe. Then developped in
the countries that Europe colonized, specially in the light of the debate with
Hammas over the recognition of the state of Israel, I think it is also
important
for us to move on and not to get lost in the patriarchal debate.

Now I think we should focus on us the women what it is that we want
as policies in the country that we live in. If we do not focus on our
vision and construct we will missed the boat by the next election,
to possibly grow and organize around the topics that we want on the
agenda.

I was told that it was a movement by socialist women around the turn
of the century that created the movement for better condition of life
and the substancial  social reforms that eventually the struggle of
the workers of 1936 brought into being. Social security, health care
a shorter work week, children labor laws  and so on.....

We need to have coordinated and pragmatic blu prints to the dreams
that are going to be for the society of the future, if any..
and at the minimum for the future of WILPF..

Odile Hugonot Haber




On 2/4/07, yvonne simmons <roweenayvonne at yahoo.com> wrote:
> .)
> > -------> Ethnic Cleansing Continues: An entire
> Palestinian
> > village barred from its
> > land
> > hThe news that the latest Palestinian village was
> > barred from its land (see
> > http://stopthewall.org/latestnews/1389.shtml ) pegs
> > the question if Zionism
> > can be compatible with peace.  Since many readers
> > asked about Zionism, I
> > thought I would share with you this chapter from my
> > 2004 book "Sharing the
> > Land of Canaan".  The chapter delves deeper into
> > Zionism.  In my next
> > message I will post the chapter on whether Israel is
> > a democracy or not
> > (analyzing Israeli laws etc).
> > http://qumsiyeh.org/chapter6
> >
> > Chapter 6: Zionism
> >
> > PROMISED LAND
> > PROMISED LAND
> > by Ahlam Shalhout
> >
> > I was taken to a foreign land.
> > A land believed to be full of promise.
> > I was told it bore fruits with the sweetest of
> > nectar.
> > Its soil so rich with olive branches of peace.
> > Where the streets were paved with golden orange
> > groves.
> >
> > The nectar though sweet to my tongue
> > Brought tears to my bowels.
> > The peace bearing olives were pressed
> > To make oil of bullfights. Ole!
> >
> >
> > Zionism is variously looked at as a salvation or as
> > a catastrophic power.
> > Yet all agree that Zionism was and is at the center
> > of the conflict that now
> > raged for over 100 years in the Land of Canaan. No
> > lasting solution can be
> > approached without an honest examination of origin
> > and consequences of this
> > phenomenon that still shapes events, not only
> > locally in Palestine/Israel,
> > but in the region and the world.  The origin of
> > Zionism is often described
> > as initiated in the 19th century by
> > European/Ashkenazi Jews.  But this
> > political movement had an earlier and more dramatic
> > history, some of it
> > distinctly un-Jewish origin. In dealing with the
> > problems plaguing the Land
> > of Canaan today, we must have clear handle on
> > Zionist history and the forces
> > that challenged or promoted it.
> >
> > Christian Zionism and Colonialism
> >
> > Napoleon first attempted to construct a network of
> > Jews loyal to the French
> > Empire throughout Europe.  More concrete planning
> > and action from the
> > British Empire quickly replaced this initial gesture
> > from the French empire
> > (ref 1).  It should be noted that during this time
> > very few Jews lived in
> > Britain or France. With the loss of the American
> > Colonies, British
> > colonialism focused on India as "the Jewel of the
> > Crown" and perhaps as
> > importantly on the road to India (ref 2).  In the
> > words of a London Times'
> > correspondent in 1840 "the proposition to plant the
> > Jewish people in the
> > land of their fathers, under the protection of the
> > five Powers, is no longer
> > a mere matter of speculation, but a serious
> > political consideration" (ref
> > 3).  This quote from the Quarterly Review of 1838
> > shows that British,
> > non-Jewish Zionist plans were instituted primarily
> > for the benefit of the
> > British Empire:
> >
> > "The growing interest manifested for these regions,
> > the larger investment of
> > British capital, and the confluence of British
> > travelers and strangers from
> > all parts of the world, have recently induced the
> > Secretary of State for
> > Foreign Affairs to station there a representative of
> > our Sovereign, in the
> > person of a Vice-Consul. This gentleman set sail for
> > Alexandria at the end
> > of last September—his residence will be fixed at
> > Jerusalem, but his
> > jurisdiction will extend to the whole country within
> > the ancient limits of
> > the Holy Land; he is thus accredited, as it were, to
> > the former kingdom of
> > David and the Twelve Tribes.  The soil and climate
> > of Palestine are
> > singularly adapted to the growth of produce required
> > for the exigencies of
> > Great Britain; the finest cotton may be obtained in
> > almost unlimited
> > abundance; silk and madder are the staple of the
> > country, and oil-olive is
> > now, as it ever was, the very fatness of the land.
> > Capital and skill are
> > alone required: the presence of a British officer,
> > and the increased
> > security of property which his presence will confer,
> > may invite them the
> > Jews from these islands to the cultivation of
> > Palestine; and the Jews, who
> > will betake themselves to agriculture in no other
> > land, having found, in the
> > English Consul, a mediator between their people and
> > the Pasha, will probably
> > return in yet greater numbers, and become once more
> > the husbandmen of Judæa
> > and Galilee … Napoleon knew well the value of an
> > Hebrew alliance; and
> > endeavoured to reproduce, in the capital of France,
> > the spectacle of the
> > ancient Sanhedrim, which, basking in the might of
> > imperial favour, might
> > give laws to the whole body of the Jews throughout
> > the habitable world, and
> > aid him, no doubt, in his audacious plans against
> > Poland and the East  That
> > which Napoleon designed in his violence and
> > ambition, thinking 'to destroy
> > nations not a few,' we may wisely and legitimately
> > undertake for the
> > maintenance of our Empire" (ref 4)
> >
> > British diplomacy with the Ottoman Sultan starting
> > in the 1830s included
> > explicit requests to encourage and facilitate the
> > settlements of Jews in
> > Palestine.  Many Jews were rightly weary of these
> > schemes by European
> > gentiles.  Zionism failed to convince large segments
> > of European Jews in the
> > 19th century.  The few Jews who were interested in
> > living in Palestine
> > arrived for various reasons: religious individuals
> > relocating near Safed and
> > other centers of religious Judaism in Palestine,
> > some enticed by financed
> > relocation, and some idealistic socialist Zionists
> > who felt assimilation
> > failed and enlightenment was best developed alone
> > until the rest of the
> > world catches up.  These early converts to Zionism
> > were vastly outnumbered
> > by non-Zionist and anti-Zionist Jews.  Many were
> > even fearful that Zionism
> > was merely another scheme by gentiles to remove them
> > from their countries.
> > Yet, Zionism as a colonial venture could not really
> > succeed without Jews
> > taking it up as a cause in much larger numbers.  The
> > first attempt was the
> > formation early in 1809 of a new organization by the
> > name of The London
> > Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews.
> > Its aims included
> > educating Jews on their own history and promote
> > Eastern European immigration
> > to Palestine as a fulfillment of Christian theology.
> >  These early attempts
> > were the true antecedents of the Christian Zionists
> > movement, which remains
> > influential both in Britain and the United States to
> > this day. Colonel
> > Charles Henry Churchill, the British Consul in
> > Syria, stated in 1841 that
> > success of Zionism depended on, "Firstly that the
> > Jews themselves will take
> > up the matter, universally and unanimously.
> > Secondly that the European
> > powers will aid them in their views" (ref 5).
> >
> > To achieve such goals, the British Empire employed
> > the services of one
> > Lieutenant Colonel George Gawler (1796-1869).
> > Gawler was a colonization
> > expert who successfully founded a penal colony in
> > Australia and after whom a
> > major city and state in Australia are named.  In
> > 1845, Gawler published his
> > vision for how this might be accomplished.  His
> > treaty was titled:
> > "Tranquilization of Syria and the East: Observations
> > and Practical
> > Suggestions, in Furtherance of the Establishment of
> > Jewish Colonies in
> > Palestine, the Most Sober and Sensible Remedy for
> > the Miseries of Asiatic
> > Turkey" (ref 6).  In 1852, the Association for
> > Promoting Jewish Settlement
> > in Palestine was founded by Gawler and other British
> > officials and later
> > evolved it into the Palestine Fund (ref 7).  Winston
> > Churchill wrote in 1920
> > immediately following his assertion that Bolshevism
> > is led and initiated
> > mostly by Jews:
> >
> > "But if, as may well happen, there should be created
> > in our life time by the
> > banks of the Jordan a Jewish State under the
> > protection of the British
> > Crown, which might comprise three or four millions
> > of Jews, an event would
> > have occurred in the history of the world which
> > would, from every point of
> > view be beneficial, and would be especially in
> > harmony with the truest
> > interests of the British Empire" (ref 8)
> >
> > Zionism Taking Root among European Jewish
> > Communities
> >
> > There is much to be learned about the transition in
> > the 19th century from a
> > movement sponsored and promoted by non-Jews to a
> > Jewish led movement that
> > then took strong initiative to change the course of
> > history.  The number of
> > Jews who looked with favor to Zionism fluctuated
> > depending on circumstances
> > of their residence and the political and economic
> > situation. 19th century
> > nationalism gave Zionism a more race and
> > nationalistic tone. Yet, Jewish
> > advocates of Zionism remained in the minority
> > throughout the 19th century
> > and early in the 20th century.  And the movement
> > clearly continued to depend
> > on imperial interests for its very survival and this
> > need for better
> > cooperation with British colonial interests grew.
> > The movement's strength
> > in the Ashkenazi communities was largely related to
> > levels of anti-Ashkenazi
> > feelings.  Thus, Moses Hess (1812-1875) argued that
> > there is no cure for the
> > "illness" of this Jewish hatred other than to
> > establish their own state in
> > Palestine.  A man with similar views, Judah Leib
> > (Leon) Pinsker (1821-1891),
> > became a co-founder (with Moses Lilienblum) of
> > Hibbat Zion, an early Zionist
> > movement.  In 1882, he wrote anonymously a pamphlet
> > titled:
> > "Auto-Emancipation: An appeal to his people by a
> > Russian Jew."  In it he
> > argued that anti-Ashkenazim (known in Europe as
> > anti-Semitism) was a
> > pathological phenomenon beyond the reach of any
> > future triumphs of "humanity
> > and enlightenment."  Here are relevant quotes of why
> > he believed in Zionism:
> >
> > "This is the kernel of the problem, as we see it:
> > the Jews comprise a
> > distinctive element among the nations under which
> > they dwell, and as such
> > can neither assimilate nor be readily digested by
> > any nation.  Hence the
> > solution lies in finding a means of so readjusting
> > this exclusive element to
> > the family of nations, that the basis of the Jewish
> > question will be
> > permanently removed.
> >
> > Having analyzed Judeophobia as a hereditary form of
> > demonopathy, peculiar to
> > the human race, and having represented Anti-Semitism
> > as proceeding from an
> > inherited aberration of the human mind, we must draw
> > the important
> > conclusion that we must give up contending against
> > these hostile impulses as
> > we must against every other inherited
> > predisposition.
> >
> > Our future will remain insecure and precarious
> > unless a radical change in
> > our position is made.  This change cannot be brought
> > about by the civil
> > emancipation of the Jews in this or that state, but
> > only by the
> > auto-emancipation of the Jewish people as a nation,
> > the foundation of a
> > colonial community belonging to the Jews, which is
> > some day to become our
> > inalienable home, our country.
> >
> > The international Jewish question must have a
> > national solution. Of course,
> > our national regeneration can only proceed slowly.
> > We must take the first
> > step. Our descendants must follow us at a measured
> > and not over-precipitant
> > speed" (ref 9)
> >
> > Pinsker became a leader of the movement and with
> > funds from the wealthy
> > British philanthropist, Baron Edmond de Rothschild
> > developed the first
> > Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine at
> > Rishon LeZiyyon south of Tel
> > Aviv, and Zikhron Yaaqov, south of Haifa.  By 1891,
> > about 10,000 Jews had
> > relocated to these settlements in Palestine (then
> > part of the Ottoman
> > Empire).  Yet, in the period of Jewish emigration
> > from Europe 1882-1903, a
> > tiny fraction left for Palestine, most went to North
> > and South America.
> >
> > Nathan Birnbaum (alias Mathias Ascher) coined the
> > term "Zionism" based on
> > the ideas of Hess and Pinsker as a political
> > movement for Jewish
> > "self-emancipation" and nationalism.  In 1893, he
> > published a brochure
> > entitled "Die Nationale Wiedergeburtder Juedischen
> > Volkes in seinem Lande
> > als Mittel zur Loesung der Judenfrage" ("The
> > National Rebirth of the Jewish
> > People in Its Homeland as a Means of Solving the
> > Jewish Problem").  Later,
> > Theodore Herzl's work formed further ideological
> > underpinnings for the
> > movement.  Similar to his intellectual fathers, he
> > also "recognized that
> > anti-Semitism would be harnessed to his own
> > -Zionist- purposes" (ref 10).
> > Thus, proponents of Zionism, non-Jews and Jews
> > alike, built their popularity
> > on Jewish fears of anti-Jewish sentiments and
> > actions.  Zionism, they were
> > told is the best solution to the "Jewish problem".
> >
> > Zionism after 1948
> >
> > While Zionism as a political program was thus
> > supposed to "emancipate the
> > Jewish people" by having their own state, once the
> > state was established and
> > native people largely removed, new roles and
> > arguments were to be resented
> > to sustain and reinvent Zionism.  The "protection"
> > of the "Jewish people "
> > from the "outside" remained essential philosophical
> > and political
> > underpinning to Zionism.  But a bit more was needed.
> >  The Jerusalem Program
> > for Zionism adopted in 1951 and revised by the World
> > Zionist Congress in
> > 1968 adopted this as a definition of the goals of
> > Zionism:
> >
> > The aims of Zionism are:
> > -The Unity of the Jewish people and the centrality
> > of Israel in Jewish life;
> > - The ingathering of the Jewish people in the
> > historic homeland, Eretz
> > Israel, through aliyah from
> > all countries;
> > -The strengthening of the State of Israel, which is
> > based on the prophetic
> > vision of justice and peace;
> > - The preservation of the identity of the Jewish
> > people through the
> > fostering of Jewish, Hebrew and Zionist education
> > and of Jewish spiritual
> > and cultural values;
> > - The protection of Jewish rights everywhere.
> >
> >
> > In June 1968, the Zionist Congress, held in
> > Jerusalem, redefined the aims of
> > Zionism in the "Jerusalem Program" rather broadly:
> >
> > 1. Unity of the Jewish People and the Centrality of
> > Israel in Jewish life;
> >
> > 2. The ingathering of the Jewish people in its
> > historic homeland Eretz
> > Yisrael through Aliyah from all countries.
> >
> > 3. The strengthening of the State of Israel, which
> > is based on the prophetic
> > vision of justice and peace;
> >
> > 4. The preservation of the identity of the Jewish
> > people through the
> > fostering of Jewish, Zionist and Hebrew education
> > and of Jewish spiritual
> > and cultural values;
> >
> > 5. The protection of Jewish rights everywhere.
> >
> > Note the wide mandate dictated by key words of
> > power, strength, and
> > protection against any perceived threat to Jews. One
> > need only substitute
> > Jew/Jewish with Christian or "White" to see the
> > inherent unfairness and
> > racism in both the program of 1951 and 1968.  After
> > all, what is this idea
> > of ingathering of Jewish "people" mean?  What does
> > it mean when many Jews
> > have converted to Christianity and many to Islam?
> > What does it mean for the
> > majority of Jews who are converts over the ages from
> > Christianity, Paganism
> > etc.?  How is he "ingathering" and taking land from
> > natives via the
> > "strengthening" of the State of Israel in the name
> > of the "Unity of the
> > Jewish people" help in the "protection of Jewish
> > rights everywhere"?
> >
> > The government of Israel still mindlessly talks
> > about Zionism as a solution
> > to "anti-Semitic" (anti-Jewish) hatred instead of
> > working to advance
> > equality for Jews and non-Jews everywhere:
> >
> > The Zionist movement aimed to solve the 'Jewish
> > problem,' the problem of a
> > perennial minority, a people subjected to repeated
> > pogroms and persecution,
> > a homeless community whose alienism was underscored
> > by discrimination
> > wherever Jews settled. Zionism aspired to deal with
> > this situation by
> > affecting a return to the historical homeland of the
> > Jews - Land of
> > Israel.... The Zionist national solution was the
> > establishment of a Jewish
> > national state with a Jewish majority in the
> > historical homeland, thus
> > realizing the Jewish people's right to
> > self-determination (ref 11).
> >
> > Note the sweeping generalizations and sense of
> > perpetual victimization that
> > reflects the theology of Hess, Pinsker, and Herzl
> > that discrimination
> > against Jews is pathological and has no cure other
> > than a powerful state
> > with a majority Jewish population. Amnon Rubinstein
> > wrote in Haaretz on
> > March 13, 2002:
> >
> > "… the new secular Jewish nationalism, which was the
> > foundation on which
> > Israel was built, is a nationalism of no choice.  It
> > is true that on the
> > basis of the lack of choice were piled on additional
> > traditional national
> > elements: the memory of the biblical past, the
> > impact of the revival of
> > Hebrew, the concept of a return to Zion, and the
> > characteristic
> > accoutrements of other national movements.  But the
> > major strength of
> > Zionism stemmed from its sense that there was no
> > other choice, from this
> > inability to be like everyone else.  Without the
> > locked gate, the Zionist
> > gate would not have opened very wide and the longing
> > for Zion would have
> > stayed in the prayer book "
> > (ref 12)
> >
> > So do Jews really have no choice other than Zionism
> > to prosper in this
> > world?  Did Zionism help or hinder the case for
> > tolerance in the world (Jews
> > towards non-Jews and vice versa)?  Jews grabbled
> > with such questions for
> > decades and arrived at different conclusions with
> > anti-Zionist Jews arriving
> > at completely opposite conclusions to those reached
> > by Herzl, Pinskery, Hess
> > and their followers.  As history would prove, the
> > critics were right.
> > Today, after over 150 years of Zionism, there is
> > only one place where Jews
> > are threatened with annihilation and that is this
> > self-declared "Jewish
> > state".  In Israel, one finds a government that is
> > preparing public parks as
> > sites for possible mass graves in case of biological
> > or chemical attacks.
> > In Israel, one finds unrealistic attempts at
> > assuring the public that they
> > can survive such attacks.  Why are Jews safer in
> > America or France than in
> > Israel?  Are anti-Jewish sentiments around the world
> > stoked or diminished by
> > the Zionist program and its effect on the native
> > Palestinians?
> >
> > The answers to these questions make many Jews now
> > rethink the deceptions of
> > the militaristic Zionist program.  Political Zionism
> > was far more
> > catastrophic for the indigenous Palestinians
> > (Christians and Muslims alike).
> >   In public articles and books, Herzl was careful in
> > describing what Zionism
> > meant in practice and how it was to be implemented
> > in an already inhabited
> > Palestine.  But, as we discussed in Chapter 4 on
> > refugees, Herzl's diaries
> > and diaries of other early Zionists are now
> > available and shed light about
> > the colonial nature of Zionism and its true
> > intentions.
> >
> > Herzl, understood the need for a concrete program to
> > realize his the goals
> > he articulated. For this a new group of people
> > participated in the practical
> > application of Zionism.  This included people like
> > Nachman Syrkin and Ber
> > Borochov who developed the labor Zionism as a
> > dominant force in Zionist
> > quarters.  This brand of practical Zionism exists in
> > a form represented by
> > the labor party and some other minor parties in
> > Israel today.  Labor
> > Zionists criticized the Rothschild-supported
> > settlements on purely
> > capitalist terms (e.g. hiring Arab labor).  They
> > called for Jewish
> > settlement based on socialist modes of organization:
> > the accumulation of
> > capital managed by a central Jewish organization and
> > employment of Jewish
> > laborers only.  A key pillar of this was the need
> > for a "Jewish power"
> > (physical, material) which can then translate into
> > state and political power
> > without dilution by non-Jews.
> >
> > Labor Zionists knew that power is needed, but they
> > also knew that to achieve
> > their goals required skillful political maneuvering
> > around existing powers
> > in the region of their settlement.  For many ardent
> > Zionists, this somehow
> > smacked of compromise that they were not willing to
> > accept.  This set the
> > stage for the evolution of other methods to achieve
> > the goals of Zionism.
> > Some argued that strong economic and military power
> > is all that mattered to
> > realization of the Zionist dreams.  Jabotinsky was
> > the founder of this
> > ideology of "revisionist Zionism" that Begin,
> > Netanyahu, Sharon and other
> > Israeli leaders identify as their ideological
> > underpinning (now represented
> > by the Likud party and other Right Wing parties in
> > Israel).  A reading from
> > one of Jabotinsky's 1923 writings clearly
> > demonstrates his mode of thinking:
> >
> > "Every reader has some idea of the early history of
> > other countries which
> > have been settled.  I suggest that he recall all
> > known instances.  If he
> > should attempt to seek but one instance of a country
> > settled with the
> > consent of those born there he will not succeed.
> > The inhabitants (no matter
> > whether they are civilized or savages) have always
> > put up a stubborn fight.
> > Furthermore, how the settler acted had no effect
> > whatsoever.  The Spaniards
> > who conquered Mexico and Peru, or our own ancestors
> > in the days of Joshua
> > ben Nun behaved, one might say, like plunderers.
> >
> > ... Compromisers in our midst attempt to convince us
> > that the Arabs are some
> > kind of fools who can be tricked by a softened
> > formulation of our goals, or
> > a tribe of money grubbers who will abandon their
> > birth right to Palestine
> > for cultural and economic gains.  I flatly reject
> > this assessment of the
> > Palestinian Arabs.  Culturally they are 500 years
> > behind us, spiritually
> > they do not have our endurance or our strength of
> > will, but this exhausts
> > all of the internal differences.  We can talk as
> > much as we want about our
> > good intentions; but they understand as well as we
> > what is not good for
> > them.  They look upon Palestine with the same
> > instinctive love and true
> > fervor that any Aztec looked upon his Mexico or any
> > Sioux looked upon his
> > prairie.
> >
> > ... It is of no importance whether we quote Herzl or
> > Herbert Samuel to
> > justify our activities.  Colonization itself has its
> > own explanation,
> > integral and inescapable, and understood by every
> > Arab and every Jew with
> > his wits about him.  Colonization can have only one
> > goal.  For the
> > Palestinian Arabs this goal is inadmissible.  This
> > is in the nature of
> > things.  To change that nature is impossible.
> >
> > ... Zionist colonization, even the most restricted,
> > must either be
> > terminated or carried out in defiance of the will of
> > the native population.
> > This colonization can, therefore, continue and
> > develop only under the
> > protection of a force independent of the local
> > population – an iron wall
> > which the native population cannot break through.
> > This is, in toto, our
> > policy towards the Arabs.  To formulate it any other
> > way would only be
> > hypocrisy.  Not only must this be so, it is so
> > whether we admit it or not.
> > What does the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate
> > mean for us?  It is the
> > fact that a disinterested power committed itself to
> > create such security
> > conditions that the local population would be
> > deterred from interfering with
> > our efforts.
> >
> > All of us, without exception, are constantly
> > demanding that this power
> > strictly fulfill its obligations.  In this sense,
> > there are no meaningful
> > differences between our "militarists" and our
> > "vegetarians".  One prefers an
> > iron wall of Jewish bayonets, the other proposes an
> > iron wall of British
> > bayonets, the third proposes an agreement with
> > Baghdad, and appears to be
> > satisfied with Baghdad's bayonets – a strange and
> > somewhat risky taste – but
> > we all applaud, day and night, the iron wall.  We
> > would destroy our cause if
> > we proclaimed the necessity of an agreement, and
> > fill the minds of the
> > Mandatory with the belief that we do not need an
> > iron wall, but rather
> > endless talks.  Such a proclamation can only harm
> > us.  Therefore it is our
> > sacred duty to expose such talk and prove that it is
> > a snare and a
> > delusion."  (ref 13)
> >
> > This is a must reading for those who really want to
> > understand the nature of
> > Zionist designs un-encumbered with nice words or
> > skillful maneuvering.   The
> > "wall" refers to the wall of bayonets, British
> > and/or Zionist, necessarily
> > required to establish a colonial Jewish State.  The
> > author persuasively
> > argued why Arabs would not accept a Jewish State in
> > Palestine.  His vision,
> > as articulated in this 1923 article, is amazingly
> > prophetic in what was to
> > transpire in Palestine over the next 80 years.
> >
> > Is Zionism the Other Side of the Coin of
> > Anti-Semitism?
> >
> > Zionism in essence was a project that accommodated
> > slightly varied modes of
> > operations, such as using Arab labor or not, working
> > with existing political
> > systems to achieve its goals, or using only military
> > means.  The essence of
> > it was and still is the creation and maintenance of
> > a Jewish state with a
> > clear and unambiguous Jewish majority (as long as
> > this Jewish majority
> > supported Zionism).  In a land already occupied by
> > another people, its
> > tactics were viewed as a traumatic, but necessary,
> > loss.  The main device
> > towards the realization of this dream was
> > "anti-Semitism".    This form of
> > racism was well intertwined, and is also explained
> > by deep psychological
> > phenomena.
> >
> > The term anti-Semite was coined by anti-Jewish bigot
> > Wilhelm Marr in 1879.
> > According to Yahoo encyclopedia, Marr's 1862
> > pamphlet titled Der
> > Judenspiegel ("Jews Mirror") was followed by the
> > influential "The Victory of
> > Judaism over Germandom, Considered from a
> > Non-Religious point of View".
> > Marr apparently did not want to use Jew as it
> > connotes a religion and wanted
> > a term that is referring to ethnicity.  He was
> > likely never introduced to
> > the word Ashkenazi and he assumed Ashkenazi/European
> > Jews to be "Semitic."
> > Marr thus introduced in 1879 the word "anti-Semite"
> > into the political
> > vocabulary by founding the League of anti-Semites,
> > which organized lectures
> > and published a short-lived monthly.  The "league"
> > failed as an
> > organization, but it was historically important for
> > it was the first effort
> > of creating a popular political movement based on
> > hatred Ashkenazim.  As
> > pointed out in chapter 2, Semites refer to all
> > people who speak Semitic
> > languages (Arabic Hebrew, Aramaic).  Ashkenazi Jews
> > would technically not be
> > Semitic since they spoke Yiddish. The fact that this
> > term developed by a
> > racist was adopted by many Jews and Zionists is
> > astonishing yet fits well
> > within the context of development of Zionist
> > thoughts as discussed above
> > (i.e. a solution to the "Jewish problem" being
> > relocation to a "Jewish
> > state").
> >
> > That Zionism and Judeophobia are intimately
> > connected is evidenced by
> > writings of early Zionists.  Here is Vladimir
> > Jabotinsky, the ideological
> > forefather of the Israeli Likud Party, writing in
> > 1904 about the "Jewish
> > problem" :
> >
> > "It is inconceivable from a physical point of view,
> > that a Jew born to a
> > family of pure Jewish blood over several generations
> > can become adapted to
> > the spiritual outlook of a German or a Frenchman.  A
> > Jew brought up among
> > Germans may assume German customs, German words.  He
> > may be wholly imbued
> > with that German fluid but the nucleus of his
> > spiritual structure will
> > always remain Jewish, because his blood, his body,
> > his physical-racial type
> > are Jewish ... And a man whose body is Jewish can
> > not possibly mold within
> > himself the spirit of a Frenchman ... It is
> > impossible for a man to become
> > assimilated with people whose blood is different
> > than his own " 14
> >
> > Perhaps this parallel quote from Adolf Hitler's book
> > "Mein Kampf" needs to
> > be pondered and analyzed:
> >
> > "Yet I could no longer very well doubt that the
> > objects of my study were not
> > Germans of a special religion, but a people in
> > themselves; for once I had
> > begun to concern myself with this question and to
> > take cognizance of the
> > Jews, Vienna appeared to me in a different light
> > than before.  Wherever I
> > went, I began to see Jews, and the more I saw, the
> > more sharply they became
> > distinguished in my eyes from the rest of humanity.
> > Particularly the Inner
> > City and the districts north of the Danube Canal
> > swarmed with a people,
> > which   even outwardly had lost all resemblance to
> > Germans.  And whatever
> > doubts I may still have nourished were finally
> > dispelled by the attitude of
> > a portion of the Jews themselves.  Among them there
> > was a great movement,
> > quite extensive in Vienna, which came out sharply in
> > confirmation of the
> > national character of the Jews: this was the
> > ZIONISTS" (emphasis in
> > original) (ref 15)
> >
> > Hitler's book is the most horrific denigration of
> > Jews and other people and
> > the most racist book one could even imagine.  For
> > him to state that whatever
> > "lingering doubts" about his anti-Semitism were
> > dispelled because Zionists
> > agreed with him about the national character of Jews
> > is amazing and has
> > historically almost completely been ignored.  It is
> > an important notion
> > because Zionists not only agreed with Hitler that
> > Jews should go away from
> > Europe but they actually worked towards that goal.
> > Here is what The Zionist
> > Federation of Germany wrote in a letter to the new
> > Nazi regime:
> >
> > "Zionism believes that a rebirth of national life,
> > such as is occurring in
> > German life through adhesion to Christian and
> > national values, must also
> > take place in the Jewish national group" (ref 16)
> >
> > Both Zionists and Nazis believed that Jews couldn't
> > be Germans.  They both
> > believed that Jews could not function normally in
> > other societies as equal
> > citizens.  Zionists in fact were clearly putting a
> > primary goal of colonial
> > Jewish presence in a majority in Palestine ahead of
> > any other issues even
> > when this goal contradicted the welfare of Jews.
> > This is why they
> > collaborated with the Nazis and thwarted some
> > efforts to rescue Jews.
> >
> > The Zionists cooperated with the Nazis in the
> > mid-thirties to facilitate
> > Jewish immigration to Palestine.  The details of
> > this agreement were given
> > by Edwin Black's book (ref 17).  After commencement
> > of attacks on Jews under
> > German control, the British, in the hope of easing
> > the pressure for
> > increased immigration into Palestine, proposed that
> > thousands of Jewish
> > children be admitted directly into Britain.
> > Ben-Gurion, the recognized
> > leader of labor Zionism at the time was absolutely
> > against the plan, telling
> > a meeting of Labour Zionist leaders on 7 Dec. 1938:
> >
> > "If I knew that it would be possible to save all the
> > children in Germany by
> > bringing them over to England, and only half of them
> > by transporting them to
> > Eretz Yisrael, then I would opt for the second
> > alternative.  For we must
> > weigh not only the life of these children, but also
> > the history of the
> > People of Israel" (ref 18)
> >
> > Rabbi Shonfeld quotes the Zionist leader Yitzhak
> > Greenbaum, as stating after
> > the war:
> >
> > "When they asked me, couldn't you give money out of
> > the United Jewish Appeal
> > funds for the rescue of Jews in Europe, I said,
> > 'NO!' and I say again 'NO!'
> > . . . one should resist this wave which pushes the
> > Zionist activities to
> > secondary importance" (ref 19)
> >
> > Most Jews in the 19th and early 20th century
> > criticized Zionist
> > methodologies and even the whole concept of Zionism.
> >    They saw this
> > movement as a cynical use of religion to establish
> > state power.  Perhaps the
> > most interesting were views of highly intelligent
> > and humanistic Jews like
> > Einstein and Freud who while openly not opposing
> > Zionism, simply refused to
> > take part in it.  They reflected the majority Jewish
> > opinion before the
> > establishment of the state of Israel.
> >
> > Sigmund Freud, the father of psychotherapy, was
> > opposed to Zionism.  When
> > approached to sign a petition to condemn the Arab
> > riots in Palestine and to
> > support the settlement of Jews in Israel, he wrote
> > politely to decline:
> >
> > "Dear Sir,
> >
> > I cannot do as you wish.  I am unable to overcome my
> > aversion to burdening
> > the public with my name, and even the present
> > critical time does not seem to
> > me to warrant it.  Whoever wants to influence the
> > masses must give them
> > something rousing and inflammatory and my sober
> > judgment of Zionism does not
> > permit this.  I certainly sympathize with its goals,
> > am proud of our
> > University in Jerusalem and am delighted with our
> > settlement's prosperity.
> > But, on the other hand, I do not think that
> > Palestine could ever become a
> > Jewish state, nor that the Christian and Islamic
> > worlds would ever be
> > prepared to have their holy places under Jewish
> > care.  It would have seemed
> > more sensible to me to establish a Jewish homeland
> > on a less
> > historically-burdened land. But I know that such a
> > rational viewpoint would
> > never have gained the enthusiasm of the masses and
> > the financial support of
> > the wealthy.  I concede with sorrow that the
> > baseless fanaticism of our
> > people is in part to be blamed for the awakening of
> > Arab distrust.  I can
> > raise no sympathy at all for the misdirected piety
> > which transforms a piece
> > of a Herodian wall into a national relic, thereby
> > offending the feelings of
> > the natives.
> >
> > Now judge for yourself whether I, with such a
> > critical point of view, am the
> > right person to come forward as the solace of a
> > people deluded by
> > unjustified hope." (ref 20)
> >
> > Freud was referring to the clear methods of Zionists
> > of the day to assert
> > sovereignty on areas of Palestine and to regularly
> > confront and show the
> > natives that their interests were incompatible.
> > Zionism was for a state of
> > the Jews and not for a democratic state for a
> > variety of people.  As Freud
> > pointed out it is born of a preference for a tribal
> > affiliation that still
> > haunts us to this day.  Hillel Halkin wrote in the
> > Jerusalem Post in 2002:
> >
> > "You would like me to look at it objectively.
> > Objectively, I agree: we are
> > only breeding more hatred and violence. You want me
> > to imagine how I would
> > feel if I were a Palestinian.  I suppose that if I
> > were, I might want to
> > kill Israelis myself.  But I am not objective and I
> > am not a Palestinian.
> > It's not that the lives of Palestinians don't matter
> > to me.  But Israeli
> > lives matter more.
> >
> > I know this doesn't sound terribly enlightened.  And
> > it certainly doesn't
> > lead to any of the political solutions that we both
> > know are necessary if
> > this horror is going to end.  But being objective
> > would not make me more
> > human.  It would make me less.
> >
> > I can try to be objective about Russians and
> > Chechnyans, or about Hindus and
> > Muslims in Kashmir, without drying up the milk of
> > human kindness in me, just
> > as you can try to be objective about us here, but
> > that is only because I am
> > not a Russian or a Chechnyan.  If I were, and if I
> > didn't put my own people
> > first, I would simply be an emotional monster.
> > Nothing good could come of
> > that" (ref 21)
> >
> > Thus, Zionism's victims were not only the intended
> > native displacement but
> > it could be argued that humane Jewish values were
> > also its victims. In his
> > book "Ben Gurion's Scandals" Naeim Giladi ,an Iraqi
> > Jew and ex-Zionist,
> > discusses Zionist tactics in trying to import Jews
> > from Iraq to Israel in
> > the 1950s.  He immigrated to the US and recently
> > wrote an article in 'The
> > Link', a publication of the Americans for Middle
> > East Understanding about
> > his book.  In part he said that "about 125,000 Jews
> > left Iraq for Israel in
> > the late 1940s and into 1952, mostly because they
> > had been lied to and put
> > into a panic by what I came to learn were Zionist
> > bombs [referring to the
> > bombings done at Synagogues and other areas of
> > Jewish public concentration).
> >   But my mother and father were among the 6,000 who
> > did not go to Israel"
> > (ref 22).  Other books discuss Zionist discourse and
> > its relationship to
> > anti-Ashkenazim and Judeophobia.  Some of these are
> > cited in the
> > recommended readings below.
> >
> > A Post-Zionist Discourse
> >
> > This Zionist program tried but failed to make its
> > ideology the ideology of
> > "the Jewish people."  Many even argued that Zionists
> > tried to replace
> > Judaism with Zionism or at least to make sure that
> > Zionism is a dominant
> > feature of mainstream Jewish thought.  Hence, one
> > understands the incessant
> > need to label anti-Zionists or even non-Zionists  as
> > "anti-Semitic" or if
> > they are Jewish as "self-hating Jews."  In the first
> > 80 years of Apartheid
> > South Africa, the leaders of the White South
> > Africans also labeled apartheid
> > as a national movement for white safety and all
> > opposition within blacks as
> > anti-White racism.  Jewish intellectuals and many
> > others opposed Zionism
> > simply because they knew it was not a workable
> > construct for Jewish
> > self-determination or freedom.
> >
> > When Palestinians return to their lands and form a
> > pluralistic society for
> > all, will the descendants of those expelled
> > Palestinians remember more the
> > words and actions of Heztl, Ben Gurion, Barak, and
> > Sharon or will they
> > remember the words and actions of Martin Buber,
> > Israel Shahak, Uri Avneri,
> > or Norman Finkelstein?  Will those memories teach us
> > to be more tolerant of
> > each other or will it instill in us the kind of
> > self-righteous, know it all,
> > "we were the perpetual victim" mentality that was so
> > characteristic of many
> > Zionists.  Victims of the Holocaust took different
> > lessons from it.  Some,
> > perhaps goaded or misled by simplistic and rather
> > unrealistic notion of
> > separation/apartheid, thought "never again" but
> > meant never again to us Jews
> > and thus we must separate ourselves from humanity.
> > To make sure this does
> > not happen, we will build a very strong state based
> > on Jewish power.  A
> > logical place was Palestine, the ancient homeland of
> > the Jews.  Of course
> > the only problem was that Palestine was already
> > heavily inhabited and the
> > native population was not simply going to consent to
> > having sovereignty of
> > their land transferred to an extra national entity.
> > Other Holocaust
> > survivors and their children like Norman
> > Finkelstein, Israel Shahak and tens
> > of thousands like them took the message that never
> > again will we allow
> > hatred or racism against anyone.  Others also
> > rejected the notion of a new
> > secular "Jewish state" based on theological
> > arguments (this was true of
> > essentially all Orthodox Jews until 1967 and still
> > now common among the
> > ultra-orthodox like the Naturei Karta).
> >
> > I am confident that an exclusionary Palestinian
> > movement analogous to
> > Zionism will not gain widespread recognition nor
> > would ever be allowed to
> > get a foothold analogous to that of Zionism in
> > Jewish masses.  I know this
> > because I saw it happen with natives in other parts
> > of the world.  In South
> > Africa, the Blacks won their freedom but did not
> > push the whites into the
> > sea as was feared.  Palestinians will not push Jews
> > into the sea.  The
> > reverse of this actually did happen in 1948 where
> > Palestinians were
> > literally pushed into the sea at Jaffa and were
> > loaded into boats to end-up
> > in places like Gaza.   It is also something that the
> > world would never
> > tolerate in the 21st century as witnessed in Bosnia.
> >
> > Jewish voices against Zionism and against Israeli
> > actions are gaining
> > momentum but it is true that the dominant feature in
> > at least the organized
> > Jewish community is Zionist.  However, one must
> > realize that a majority of
> > Jews in all surveys state that they are not Zionist
> > and even today a
> > majority of Jews live outside Israel.  Further, the
> > growth of the Jewish
> > anti-Zionist and post-Zionist movements has been
> > dramatic.  What are some of
> > the good things about these movements?
> >
> > 1) Jewish opponents to Zionism make it rather
> > impossible for both Zionists
> > and other racists to make  generalizations about
> > "the Jews."  This is
> > important in many ways but the most important is
> > that generalizations can
> > lead to racism and attacks on the whole community.
> > I think it is an ironic
> > twist that these Jews whom Zionists vilify as
> > "self-hating" or as traitors
> > to their religion actually do a lot of good for the
> > religion and enhance
> > protection for their co-religionists while Zionists
> > who perpetuate
> > brutalities and claim they represent all Jews
> > increase anti-Jewish paranoia.
> >   The lesson to all, including Palestinians, is to
> > never vilify those who
> > stand up for justice/freedom for all.
> >
> > 2) Jewish opponents of Zionism take a moral stance
> > on issues regardless of
> > the victim or the perpetrator.  They provide the
> > highest of human ideals in
> > rejecting tribalism and the philosophies of "us" and
> > "them."  They view each
> > event on its own merits and are thus freed from the
> > hypocrisy of ideological
> > adherence.  Zionists must continuously play a game
> > of moral relativism and
> > hypocritical support of human rights in some cases
> > while opposing them on
> > others (depending on whether the tribe is affected
> > or not).  This is not a
> > healthy way to live and creates many sleepless
> > nights among some Zionists I
> > know.  The lesson to all, including Palestinians is
> > to never think or act
> > tribally, think and act as a human being.
> >
> > Those Jews who oppose Zionism are not doing what
> > they do to provide us an
> > example, nor are they doing it because they think
> > they can change history.
> > They do it for a very simple reason – because it is
> > just.  In fact, the more
> > of us think like that, the less likelihood there is
> > for wars, for tribal
> > conflicts, for nationalism, and the more likelihood
> > there is for peace and
> > prosperity to all of us.
> >
> > The questions asked by those skeptical of Zionist
> > aspirations are still
> > relevant today.  Were Jews really able to survive
> > only because of the
> > creation of the Jewish State of Israel and the
> > continuing dispossession of
> > the native Palestinians?  What price is a Jewish
> > state to the natives?  Does
> > Zionism really solve the lingering feeling of being
> > oppressed or
> > discriminated against?  Do Zionism and anti-Jewish
> > feelings
> > ("anti-Semitism") feed on each other to grow?   In
> > the US, Jews, Christians,
> > Muslims and others are well adapted as members of a
> > society that protects
> > their rights.  During the zenith of Arabic/Islamic
> > civilization, Jews,
> > Christians and Muslims similarly prospered together
> > and built a great
> > economic, architectural, intellectual, and cultural
> > heritage.  The best
> > example of this is the pluralistic society developed
> > in Al-Andalus (Spain).
> > My grandfather frequently spoke of the amicable
> > relationships he, as a
> > Palestinian Christian, observed between all
> > communities in Palestine well
> > before the disasters imposed by the British-Zionist
> > project unfolded.
> > Jewish colleagues agree with my grandfather's
> > statement,  "It is not true
> > what Zionism preached to us that we could not live
> > together. It is a shame
> > that instead of building a pluralistic country for
> > all, some chose to build
> > a country for one and dispossess the other."
> >
> > The record shows that Zionism and anti-Jewish
> > feelings (anti-Semitism) had a
> > symbiotic relationship.  Victims of Zionist ideology
> > were not limited to the
> > Palestinians (the native inhabitants) but extended
> > to Jews and many others.
> > Sephardic Jews who were forced to flee their homes
> > and rather comfortable
> > lives in Arab countries as Israel pushed to
> > undermine their presence in
> > those countries and as anti-Jewish feelings
> > increased due to the repression
> > of the Palestinians by self-declared Jewish
> > representatives.  Even today,
> > actions of the State of Israel do increase and
> > certainly do not decrease
> > threats or danger to Jews around the world.  So even
> > strictly judging from
> > its own stated goals of providing normality and
> > safety to Jews, Zionism has
> > been a failure.  But perhaps these stated goals were
> > not truly genuine and
> > that Zionism, like so many other -isms, has been
> > mainly about power and
> > control.  Declassified documents are shedding light
> > on these things and
> > raise very troubling questions.
> >
> > These questions about relationship of Zionism to
> > anti-Judaic feelings and
> > Jewish reactions to it are all worth exploring.  But
> > the story with regard
> > to the native Palestinian inhabitants is much
> > simpler and much less
> > controversial.  In practice to fulfill the dreams of
> > Zionist leaders, ethnic
> > cleansing was and continues to be practiced.  After
> > taking 78% of the land
> > from its native people and expelling over three
> > fourths of them, Zionism
> > still was not satisfied and Israeli leaders are
> > aggressively and violently
> > insisting on partitioning the remaining 22%
> > (apartheid) while insisting on
> > no return of Palestinian refugees and on maintaining
> > racist laws that
> > discriminate against non-Jews.  The idea is to keep
> > the Jewish character of
> > the state.  These laws and beliefs are the topic of
> > the next chapter.
> >
> > Notes to Chapter 6
> >
> > 1.  Mohameden Ould-Mey, The non-Jewish Origin of
> > Zionism, The Arab World
> > Geographer, 5:34-52, 2002.
> > 2.  Barbara W. Tuchman, Bible and Sword: England and
> > Palestine from the
> > Bronze Age to Balfour (New York: Ballantine Books,
> > 1984).
> > 3.  The Times, 17 August 1840, Restoration of the
> > Jews, p. 5, col 6(f).
> > 4.  Lord Lindsay, Letters on Egypt, Edom, and the
> > Holy Land, , (London:
> > Henry Colburn, 1838), pp. 188-190.
> > 5.  L. J Epstein, Zion's Call: Christian
> > Contributions to the Origins and
> > Development of Israel. (New York: University Press
> > of America, 1984).
> > 6. George Gawler 1845, 'Tranquilization of Syria and
> > the East: Observations
> > and Practical Suggestions, in Furtherance of the
> > Establishment of Jewish
> > Colonies in Palestine, the Most Sober and Sensible
> > Remedy for the Miseries
> > of Asiatic Turkey" as quoted in Mohameden Ould-Mey,
> > The non-Jewish Origin of
> > Zionism', The Arab World Geographer, Vol. 5, pp.
> > 34--52,( 2002).
> > 7.  Epstein, Zion's Call.
> > 8.  'Zionism versus Bolshevism: A struggle for the
> > Soul of the Jewish
> > people' Illustrated Sunday Herald 8 February 1920,
> > reprinted in Lenni
> > Brenner, 51 Documents: Zionist Collaboration with
> > the Nazis (New Jersey:
> > Barricade, 2002), p. 27
> > 9. Translated from German by Dr. D. S. Blondheim,
> > Federation of American
> > Zionists, 1916, Essential Texts of Zionism; Jewish
> > Virtual Library
> >
> http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Zionism/pinsker.html
> > 10. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of
> > the Zionist-Arab Conflict,
> > 1881-2001 (New York: Knopf, 2001), p. 21.
> > 11.  Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Website
> > http://www.israel.org/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00ng0
> > 12.  Amnon Rubinstein, Haaretz, 13 March 2002.
> > 13.  Vladimir Jabotinsky, "The Iron Wall: We and the
> > Arabs"  First published
> > in Russian under the title "O Zheleznoi Stene" in
> > Rasswyet," November 4,
> > 1923. Translated by Lenni Brenner. It can be
> > downloaded at
> >
> http://www.marxists.de/middleast/ironwall/ironwall.htm
> > 14.  Vladimir Jabotinsky, 'A Letter on Autonomy,
> > 1904', reprinted in
> > Brenner, 51 Documents, p. 10.
> > 15.  Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Reissue edition
> > (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
> > 1998), p. 56.
> > 16.  June 21, 1933 memo from The Zionist Federation
> > of Germany, reprinted in
> > Brenner, 51 Documents, p. 43.
> > 17.  Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement: the Untold
> > Story of the Secret
> > Pact Between the Third Reich & Jewish Palestine (New
> > York: Macmillan
> > Publishing Co., London: Collier Macmillan
> > Publishers, 1984).
> > 18.  Lenni Brenner, The Iron Wall: Zionist
> > Revisionism from Jabotinsky to
> > Shamir (Zed Books, 1984). cites as reference no. 23:
> > Yoav Gelber, ' Zionist
> > Policy and the Fate of European Jewry (1939-42)' Yad
> > Vashem Studies, vol.
> > XII, p. 199.
> > 19.  Rabbi  Moshe Shonfeld, The Holocaust Victims
> > Accuse, Neturei Karta,
> > USA, New York, 1977.
> > 20.  Freud's Letter to Dr. Chaim Koffler Keren
> > HaYassod, Vienna: 26 February
> > 1930; posted at the Freud Institute in UK website:
> > http://www.freud.org.uk./arab-israeli.html.
> > 21.  Hillel Halkin ,'Objectivity is morally
> > overrated', Jerusalem Post, 14
> > November 2002. Also on the web at
> >
> http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/A/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1037248935749
> > 22.  Naeim Giladi , Ben Gurion's Scandals (Flushing:
> > Glilit Pub. Co., 1995).
> >
> > Recommended Readings
> >
> > Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic
> > Story of the Pact Between
> > the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine (New York :
> > Carroll & Graf, 2001).
> > Marc H. Ellis, Israel and Palestine: Out of the
> > Ashes, (London: Pluto Press,
> > 2003).
> > Naeim Giladi , Ben Gurion's Scandals (Flushing:
> > Glilit Pub. Co., 1995).
> > Lenni Brenner, The Iron Wall: Zionist Revisionism
> > from Jabotinsky to Shamir
> > (London: Zed Books, 1984).
> > Tom Segev with Haim Watzman (Translator) The Seventh
> > Million: The Israelis
> > and the Holocaust, (New York: Owl Books, 2000).
> > -------------------------------------
> > Mazin
> > http://qumsiyeh.org
> >
> >
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